Scientific research paper samples
bipolar disorder research paper
For future exploration remains the more precise testing of this and other postulated mechanisms and models of the manic state. Of particular interest is the interaction between the apparently inherited susceptibility to mania and the precipitation, as well as different manifestations, of the bipolar disorder in individual instances. Indeed, the question of whether the inherited factor may lie directly in biogenic amine metabolic pathways, or neural synaptic membranes, or in other brain mechanisms only indirectly affected by psychologic or biochemical activating agents is only beginning to be the subject of speculation. Pharmacologic and other animal models for as complex a human behavioral phenomenon as mania are some distance from meaningful utility.
black hole research papers
The universal singularity, or near singularity discussed above is similar to that within a black hole. In the type of black hole discussed earlier, however, the singularity had a total mass equal to that of a large star; in this case we are talking about a singularity that contains all the mass of the universe. There is a basic difference aside from this, though. In the case of a collapsed star we have an event horizon with a singularity at the center—a black hole sitting somewhere in our universe. In the case of the universal black hole there is a problem: if our entire universe collapsed to a black hole, all its matter and space would disappear into the singularity.
cell paper research stem
To this point, we have used the word "precursor cell" rather glibly to refer to the cells which migrate to thymus, bursa, or fetal liver and there are acted upon to differentiate into T or B lymphocytes. In fact, there are different hierarchies among these precursor cells as well, and a great deal of research has been done on them. There is a pool of ultimate precursors, or stem cells, first generated in the mouse very early in intrauterine life and located in the blood islands of the yolk sac, which are totipotent as far as blood is concerned. They possess the capacity to develop into any one of the many different blood cells.
free research paper on stem cell research
The term hematogenous stem cell should be used exclusively for such totipotent cells, a pool of which persists even in adult life, mainly in the bone marrow. However, these stem cells do not commit themselves to one pathway of differentiation all in one jump. Rather, perhaps a little like a medical student, they become specialists by stages. First they must "decide" whether to go towards the cell which is the common ancestor of red cells and the other white cells. As far as lymphocytes are concerned, some recent work suggests that cells destined to wander into the thymus and to initiate T cell formation are already specialized before they enter the thymus.
term paper on stem cell debate
Baglioni has very recently proposed an explanation of the fetal-adult hemoglobin switch mechanism. Although not all the stages of maturation of red cells are agreed upon by everybody, nevertheless it seems that they spring from a pool of undifferentiated continuously dividing "stem cells" in the erythropoetic tissues of either fetus or adult. In the normal situation, a proportion of stem cells differentiate into red cell precursors (erythroblasts). These precursors may then either continue to divide or they may differentiate through a number of stages to the final mature erythrocyte. It would seem, however, that hemoglobin synthesis begins when the stem cell turns into an erythroblast.
term paper on victimization
Most victimizations, within no less than outside the institution, involve the appropriation of property. Personal events are far less common. The rarest of all is sexual molestation, an area which has been explored in the criminological literature wholly out of proportion to its known prevalence. Nevertheless, this most demeaning and lurid of all forms of inmate victimization is a good index of the nature and quality of life in any penal setting. It tells us a great deal about the overall exploitation patterns, the organization, and the leadership of a juvenile correctional facility that is normally hidden from even the most perceptive of observers.
term paper on Vietnam
Still, there is probably more to the issue than official sources allege. If, as appears to be the case, plans are being drawn up in Hanoi for a significant shift of population from densely populated Vietnam into the less crowded areas of Cambodia and Laos, an increasingly hostile reaction by local residents in those countries is not an unlikely prospect. The tragic incidents of the early 1970s indicate that anti-Vietnamese sentiment among the Khmer lies just beneath the surface, and could erupt under provocation. Indeed, as noted above, there have been scattered reports that Cambodian officials themselves have been unhappy about the resettlement program, and it may have been a reason for the removal of Pen Sovan from his post as secretary general in 1981.
term papers on natural disaster
Currently, we are studying other variables that affect response to victimization that are associated with natural and technological catastrophe in different ways. Duration of victimization, implicitly affected by the timing of the low point, may also be affected by variables such as the possibility of exposure to toxic substances. In addition, blame or attribution of responsibility for victimization appears more likely in the case of a humanmade catastrophe than in a natural disaster. Because duration of victimization appears to be an important factor in distress resulting from disaster, and because blame has been shown to affect response to victimization in other settings, these characteristics warrant closer examination.
term papers war in iraq
The severe warfare for the Dardanelles and the war in ' Iraq, where in the beginning Britain sustained heavy losses, at first did not allow the translation into action of the negotiations initiated with Husayn. It was not until after the evacuation of Gallipoli that it appeared advisable to call up the forces of the Hijaz, from which General Murray, commanding in Egypt, at first did not expect very much. Faysal meanwhile had returned home and was threatening Medina, still occupied by the Turks, with a Bedouin force from Jabal Subh, while in the more southerly watering place of Rabigh, 'Aziz 'Ali al-Masri, a former colonel in the Turkish army, of ArabCircassian origin, was endeavoring to train volunteers from Syria and ' Iraq.
essays against the war in iraq
In Syria and to the south, French and British alike meet the same desire for independence. We may recall the Assembly of Damascus, the Druse revolt in 1925, the disturbances of 1933 and 1936, and the negotiations which immediately preceded the Second World War. In Iraq, in 1936, the governing cabinet comes under the influence of Turkey, and breaks with British tutelage. As for the problem of Arabia, the most complicated of all, Ibn Saud solves it in his own way as the Arab world comes into conflict with the Christian minorities and with the Palestine Zionists, both hated with equal fanaticism.